Thank you for taking the time to open this survey, it will take about 10-15 minutes to complete. All completed questionnaires are anonymous so please try to answer all questions as honestly as possible. It is assumed that, by completing the questionnaire, you have given your consent for the data you provide to be used in any publication, however anonymity will be guaranteed throughout.

A few questions about yourself

1.	Your Gender
	Male
	Female

2.	Your Age

3.	Do you have any health or nutrition related qualifications?
	Yes
	No

4.	Please specify:

5.	Where do you source nutrition information?
	Internet
	Magazines
	TV
	Coach/Instructor
	Nutritionist/ Dietician
	Academic Sources e.g Books & Journals
	Other

6.	Please Specify:

7.	How would you rate your sport nutrition knowledge on a scale of 1 to 10 (1=non-existent, 5=average, 10=excellent)
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8.	How many hours do you train in Taekwondo (or supporting activities) on average per week?
	Less than 1 hour
	1-3 hours
	3-5 hours
	5-8 hours
	8-11 hours
	11-15 hours
	15 hours +

9.	What grade are you currently?

10.	Are you a qualified instructor in Taekwondo?
	Yes
	No

11.	Which level(s) of competition do you compete in (Individual Sparring Only)?
	Regional
	National
	International
	I do not compete
	Other

12.	Please specify:

13.	Which level(s) of competition are you currently training for? (select as appropriate)
	Regional
	National
	International
	Other
	Not currently training for any competition

14.	Please specify:

15.	What is the highest rank you have achieved (at your current grade) for individual sparring in competition?
	--Click Here--Bronze at RegionalSilver at RegionalGold at RegionalBronze at NationalSilver at NationalGold at NationalBronze at InternationalSilver at InternationalGold at InternationalOther

16.	Please specify:

Nutrition Questions

17.	Which nutrient is the main energy source for muscle?
	Protein
	Carbohydrate
	Fat
	Vitamins
	Minerals
	Not Sure

18.	Which nutrient provides the most energy per gram?
	Carbohydrate
	Fat
	Protein
	Alcohol

19.	The glycaemic index is a ranking of:
	The rate of release of fat into the bloodstream
	How quickly you feel the effects of food
	The rate of release of carbohydrate into the bloodstream
	The rate of burning body fat

20.	True or False: In individuals exercising regularly, the consumption of protein in the diet should exceed the consumption of carbohydrates & fats
	True
	False
	Not Sure

21.	Which of these will help to increase muscle mass? (select as many as appropriate)
	Eating a very high-protein diet
	Eating more overall (high-energy intake)
	Having protein shakes after every workout
	Weight Training

22.	Please indicate whether you think the statements are true, false or if you are unsure of the answer:
		True		False		Unsure
	Breads & cereals are a good source of carbohydrate
	Carbohydrates play a main role in muscle recovery
	Sugar is not a carbohydrate
	Fruit & vegetables contain carbohydrate
	Carbohydrate can be stored in the muscle & liver
	Protein plays an important role in muscle recovery
	Vegetarians cannot get enough protein daily without eating meat
	Milk & dairy products do not contain protein
	Meat only contains small amounts of protein
	Protein supplements are necessary for all athletes
	Fat is the primary fuel used for low-intensity exercise
	Fats are not important for exercise & should be avoided where possible
	Most of the fat you eat should be unsaturated fat
	Athletes should follow a high-fat diet
	If you are thirsty you are already dehydrated
	Dehydration decreases exercise performance
	Alcohol consumption can negatively affect the absorption & utilization of nutrients in the body
	Sports drinks contain carbohydrates
	Sports drinks contain salt
	Sport drinks contain fat
	Iron deficiency can result in a decrease in the amount of oxygen that can be carried in the blood
	Vitamin & mineral supplements increase energy
	Vitamin & mineral supplements are vital to achieve good exercise performance

23.	Which of these are symptoms of iron deficiency? (select as many as appropriate)
	Breathlessness
	Headaches
	Pale Skin
	Tiredness/ fatigue
	Decreased athletic performance

24.	What are the functions of a sports drink? (select as many as appropriate)
	To burn body fat
	To replace carbohydrate
	To replace sodium
	To replace fluid lost through sweat

25.	What are the major causes of fatigue during prolonged exercise?
	Fluid Loss
	Protein depletion
	Carbohydrate depletion
	Fat depletion

26.	Can optimal nutrition reduce fatigue?
	Yes
	No
	Not sure

27.	How important do you consider sports nutrition to be in a training regime?
	Very important
	Slightly important
	Not very important
	Not important at all

28.	Do you think that you implement good nutrition practices in your training regime / lifestyle?
	Yes
	No

29.	If no, what are your main reasons for this?

30.	Have you ever given nutrition advice to fellow TKD practitioners (or your students if you are an instructor)?
	Yes
	No

31.	Do you believe that specific sports nutrition strategies could improve your performance for training and/or competition?
	Yes, definitely
	Maybe
	No, probably not

32.	How often do you eat breakfast?
	Everyday
	4-6 days a week
	1-3 days a week
	Never

33.	If never, what is your main reason for this?

34.	Excluding breakfast, do you ever skip meals?
	Yes
	No
	Sometimes

35.	If 'yes' or 'sometimes' what is your main reasons for skipping meals?

36.	Are you familiar with the term 'making weight'?
	Yes
	No
	Unsure

37.	Have you ever used any of the following sports nutrition products? (select as many as appropriate)
	Creatine
	Protein supplements (e.g. protein shakes, powders, bars etc.)
	Multivitamins
	Energy drinks (caffeinated e.g. Red Bull, Monster etc.)
	Sports drinks (isotonic e.g. Lucozade, Powerade, Gatorade etc.)
	No I have never used any of these products

38.	If you have, why? If you haven't, why not?

39.	How many hours should pass between your last meal and training/ competing?
	It doesn't matter
	30 minutes to 1 hour
	At least 2 hours
	More than 4 hours

40.	What is your natural bodyweight in kilograms (bodyweight for the majority of the year)?

41.	If you compete, which weight category do you usually fight in? If you do not compete, please leave blank.

42.	If your natural weight increases above the boundry for the category you usually fight in, do you try to lose weight or do you enter yourself in the next category up?
	I lose weight
	I move up a weight category
	I do not enter if this happens
	My natural weight has never increased above the boundary
	I do not ever compete in sparring for TKD competitions

43.	Have you ever / do you ever attempt to lose weight prior to competition in order to compete in a category below your natural weight?
	Yes
	No

	If yes, what are your reasons for this?
	On average, how many times per year do you do this?
	What strategies do you use to achieve this weight loss?
	How many weeks/days prior to the competition do you begin weight loss?
	How much weight do you generally try to lose before competition?

44.	Do you consume any food or fluid in the time between the weigh-in and your fight(s)?
	Yes I consume food
	Yes I consume fluid
	Yes I consume food & fluid
	No

45.	Do you receive nutrition advice from your instructor?
	Yes, regularly
	Ocassionally
	No, Never

46.	How would you rate this nutrition advice on a scale of 1 to 10 (in relation to your performance or training regime)?                                                1 = useless, 5 = average, 10 = excellent
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Food frequency: the next question is intended to find out some information about your diet over the past year. For each food in the grid there is an amount shown (e.g. 1 serving, 1 teaspoon, 1 slice etc.), please check the box which indicates how often, on average, you have eaten the specified amount of each food during the past year.

e.g. For bread, the amount stated is 1 slice, so if you ate an average of 4 slices a day you would check the column headed 4-5 per day.                                            e g. for pizza, the amount stated is 1/2 a pizza, so if you ate an average of 1 pizza per week you would check the column headed 2-4 per week.

47.	Please estimate your average useage of the following foods / food groups during the past year, please answer every question:
		Never/ less than once per month		1-3 per month		Once a week		2-4 per week		5-6 per week		Once a day		2-3 per day		4-5 per day		6+ per day
	Beef, Lamb & Pork (Roast, steak, mince, stew, chops) 1 serving
	Chicken & Turkey - 1 serving
	Processed meats e.g. bacon, sausages, ham, burgers etc. - 1 serving
	White fish (fresh or frozen) e.g. fish fingers, cod, haddock, plaice, sole, halibut etc. 1 serving
	Oily fish (fresh or canned) mackerel, kippers, tuna, salmon, sardines, herring etc. 1 serving
	Eggs (1 egg)
	White bread (1 slice)
	Brown, granary, wholemeal bread (1 slice)
	White rice & pasta (1 serving)
	Brown rice & pasta (1 serving)
	Potatoes  (boiled, mashed, jacket, roast, homemade chips) 1 serving
	Chips (commercial e.g. supermarket frozen, chip shop / takeaway etc.)
	Pizza (1/2 pizza)
	Porridge, Readybrek ( 1 bowl)
	Cereals (e.g. cornflakes, muesli etc.) 1 bowl
	Biscuits (e.g. rich tea, digestives, bourbons etc.) 1 biscuit
	Chocolate (1 small bar / approx 50g)
	Sweets (e.g. gummy, boiled etc.) approx 50g
	Ice-cream (1 scoop)
	Crisps (1 bag / approx 35g)
	Added sugar (1 teaspoon) e.g. in tea, coffee, in cereal etc.
	Full-fat milk (e.g. on cereal, in tea, in coffee, in hot chocolate, as a drink etc.) approx 250ml
	Semi-skimmed milk (approx 250ml)
	Skimmed milk (approx 250ml)
	Hard cheese (e.g. cheddar, parmesan, stilton etc.) 1 serving
	Soft cheese (e.g. cottage, cheese spread, philedephia etc.) 1 serving
	Cakes & dairy desserts (e.g. sponges, cheesecakes, yogurts etc.) 1 slice / serving
	Water (1 glass, approx 250ml)
	Tea (1 cup / mug)
	Coffee (1 cup / mug)
	Hot chocolate (1 cup / mug)
	Alcohol (1 pint / 1 bottle / 1 glass)
	Fizzy soft drinks (1 glass, approx 250ml)
	Fruit Juice (1 glass, approx 250ml)
	Sports drinks  (e.g lucozade, powerade, gatorade etc.) 1 bottle
	Energy drinks (e.g. red bull, monster etc.) 1 can / bottle
	Fruits (tinned, frozen, fresh) 1 serving
	Vegetables (tinned, frozen, fresh) 1 serving
	Fast food (e.g. KFC, McDonalds, Pizza Hut, Wimpy, Take-away, ready meals etc.) 1 serving
	Supplements (e.g. vitamins & minerals, creatine, protein shakes etc.) 1 dose

Thank you very much for your time!